Background and Objectives: Streptomyces tendae is one of the most prolific actinobacteria with a wide range of biotechnological applications. Genomic data can help in better understanding and exploration of important microorganisms, however, there is a few genomic information available for this species. Materials and Methods: Molecular identification, pH and salt tolerance of an actinobacterium, designated Streptomyces tendae UTMC 3329, isolated from a tea field soil were done. Also, genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced using Illumina platform with MPS (massively parallel sequencing) Illumina technology. Gene annotation and bioinformatic analysis were done using appropriate software and servers. Results: The draft genome is ~8. 7 megabase pairs, containing 7557 predicted coding sequences. The strain was able to grow at pH 5-12 and 0-10% NaCl. The maximum growth rate of the bacterium was obtained at pH 7. The gene clusters involved in central carbon metabolism, phosphate regulation, transport system, stress responses were revealed. It was shown the presence of gene clusters of polyketides, ribosomally and non-ribosomally synthesized peptides. Various genes were found in xenobiotic degradation pathways and heavy metal resistance. Conclusion: The current genomic information which reveals biological features, as well as the biotechnological potential of this Acid and alkaline tolerant actinobacterium, can be implemented for further research on the species.

Introduction: Nowadays, gluconic Acid and its derivatives usages have been broadening in food industry. However, there are still many studies to optimize the production of gluconic Acid by fermentation methods. The main goal of the present study was to assess the influences of temperature and pH on some fermentation kinetic parameters and activity of total cellular dehydrogenase. Materials and methods: Acetobacter senegalensis was cultured in batch mode fermentation in different conditions (different concentrations of carbohydrates, temperatures and pHs). In addition, the effect of pH on sub-population formation and by-product production was studied by flow cytometry and different chromatography techniques, respectively. Results: Flow cytometric assessment showed that bacterial cells segregated during stationary phase, and two sub-populations were appeared based on the activity of total cellular dehydrogenases. Culture medium pH affected the sub-populations formation and the percentage of each sub-population. As culture medium pH decreased, higher percentage (up to 61% of inactive cells) were formed during stationary phase. In addition, it was proved that at low pH (4. 5), the percentage of by-products such as keto-gluconic Acids increased more than 6 times. Based on the obtained results, the optimum pH for A. senegalensis to ferment 95 g/L glucose to sodium gluconat at 38° C was 5-5. 5. Discussion and conclusion: Acetobacter senegalensis can be used as a potential microorganism to produce gluconic Acid. However, cell segregation during fermentation seems to result in decreased active producing cells and decreased maximum glucose consumption rate. In future studies, it is necessary either to find a method to prevent cell population from segregation or to resuscitate them into functional cells.

It is well known that desensitization treatment with aspirin can significantly improve symptoms and quality of life in patient with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. However, its mechanism has not been clearly understood yet. In this case report, 41-year-old male patient was referred to our allergy and immunology department with complaints of chronic rhino sinusitis including postnasal discharge, sneezing, facial pain/pressure, waking up tired, nasal obstruction, smell loss for a long time. According to the patient, the complaints were controlled partially with nasal steroid and antihistamines, and single dose parenteral depot steroids were highly effective in controlling the symptoms and each time this effect lasted at least three weeks.The patient was told to use aspirin when needed analgesic and he started to use aspirin 500 mg bid. po for 10 days for his pain in the joints. The patient stressed the superiority of aspirin over other drugs including oral antihistamine and LTA and its equality to systemic steroid drugs in suppressing symptoms. It seemed that aspirin had positive effects in allergic inflammation at least in some subset of aspirin tolerant patients with chronic sinusitis.

Background and Objectives: Fermented foods may contain Acid-tolerant and antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogens can be antagonized by lactic Acid bacteria, resulting in improved microbiological safety. This study assessed the antagonistic effects of selected lactic Acid bacteria against pathogenic bacteria isolated from a cereal fermented food. Materials and Methods: Eight presumptive staphylococci isolated from a commercially produced cereal fermented beverage on Baird-Parker agar supplemented with tellurite were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing. Acid resistance of the isolates was assessed using Acidified media (brain heart infusion broth of pH 3. 6 and 1. 5% Acidity) for 48 h followed by taking plate counts. Antibiotic resistance (19 antibiotics) was assessed using the disk diffusion assay. A spot-on-the-lawn method was used to assess antagonistic effects of Lactobacillus plantarum MNC 21, Lactococcus lactis MNC 24, Weissella confusa MNC 20 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus yoba 2012 against Lysinibacillus macroides, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. Results: Presumptive staphylococci were identified as Lysinibacillus macroides (n = 1), Bacillus subtilis (n = 2), Enterococcus faecalis (n = 4) and Escherichia coli (n = 1). These isolates were Acid-tolerant (from 6. 3 ±, 0. 9 log cfu/mL at 0 h to 3. 6 ±, 0. 9 log cfu/mL at 48 h), antibiotic-resistant (multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0. 1–, 0. 5) and their growth was inhibited by the lactic Acid bacteria (inhibition zone diameters of 14–, 24 mm). Conclusions: The lactic Acid bacteria cultures of MNC 20, MNC 21, MNC 24 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus yoba 2012 can be used in various food fermentations to inhibit growth of bacterial pathogens,thus, improving product safety.

Density of Rhizobium population in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) fields of Wollo area (Asketema, Gashana, Kotem, Major and Sekota) northern Ethiopia was studied. The highest population of rhizobia was found at Major and the least at Sekota regions. The native rhizobial strains isolated from the northern parts of the country tolerated a higher salt concentration (5% NaCl) than the exotic rhizobial strains (Tall 1402 and Tall 1397). Both native and exotic strains failed to grow at pH 4 and 4.5 levels in the laboratory conditions. In the soil adjusted to pH 4-7, all the native rhizobial strains persisted while those of the exotic strain failed to survive at pHs below 5.5. The native strains were more versatile than the exotic ones in utilizing different carbohydrates as a sole carbon source and were found to be more resistant to many antibiotics (streptomycin, chloramphenicol, rimfampenicillin, oxytetracycline, penicillin and tetracycline) than the exotic strains which are found resistant to chloaramphenicol only. Percentage of nitrogen fixation is also higher for native rhizobial strains these isolates being found to be superior to the exotic strains in stimulating growth, dry matter yield, nodulation and nodule wet weight of faba bean in pouch culture.

In order to identify cold tolerant cultivars of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) using stress tolerance indices under the influence of humic Acid application, an experiment was conducted as factorial split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 and 2018 at Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. Factorial combination of cold stress as planting date factor in two levels including 20 October and 20 November, and humic Acid factor in two levels including non-application (foliar spraying with pure water) and application (foliar spraying with a concentration of 1.5 per mil at 4-6-leaf stage) were assigned to the main plots and the cultivars were allocated to the sup-plots. The results showed that rapeseed cultivars differed significantly. Based on the results of means comparison, the cultivar WRL-95-07 showed higher yield in both stress and non-stress environments as well as the application and non-application of humic Acid than the other cultivars. The correlation of drought tolerance indices with grain yield under stress and non-stress conditions was used to determine the most suitable indices. Arithmetic mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (HARM) and stress tolerance index (STI) had the highest significant correlation with yield under normal and stress conditions. Principal component analysis differentiated indices introducing tolerant cultivars and indices introducing susceptible cultivars, and on this basis, the 10 rapeseed cultivars were divided into three groups using cluster analysis. Finally, WRL-95-07 cultivar performed well under stress and non-stress conditions with the use of humic Acid, followed by WRL-95-12 cultivar which displayed better performance than the other cultivars under stress conditions when treated with humic Acid.

Nowadays, vinegar is industrially produced by mesophilic acetic Acid bacteria (AAB). However, temperature fluctuation during acetous fermentation is inevitable and may cause process disturbances. This can be mostly avoided using thermo-tolerant AAB. The main purpose of the present study was to isolate thermo-tolerant AAB and then evaluate the fermentation performances. Twenty-eight different isolates were isolated from traditional Iranian vinegar. One of the isolates was able to grow and produce acetic Acid in minimal culture media containing 5% (w/v) ethanol at 30-42 º C. The 16s rRNA gene analysis showed that the selected thermo-tolerant isolate was Acetobacter tropicalis (L31). Acetous fermentation in a Lab-bioreactor showed that Acetobacter tropicalis (L31) grew in minimal culture medium, and produced 5% (w/v) acetic Acid at 37° C in batch and semi-continuous fermentation mode. Fermentation time was significantly dependent on the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and acclimation of cells to low pH and Acid stress. On average, acclimated cells produced 2. 3-2. 7 g L-1h-1 acetic Acid during the production phase. The final yield was 87% at 37º C in low and high DO concentrations. Low DO concentration (15%) during acetous fermentation caused longer fermentation time, but a large part of the cells (91%) grown under such condition were still viable even if oxygen flow was interrupted. In contrast, cells grown under high DO concentration were not able to tolerate oxygen deficiency. In conclusion, since Acetobacter tropicalis (L31) grew well in minimal culture medium and showed tolerance to high temperature and low DO, it is a potential isolate for vinegar starter production.

Rosemary plant extract as a natural anti-oxidant is 4 times stronger than synthetic anti-oxidant like BHT and BHA. For this reason, it has been under attention not only for its anti-oxidant properties rather for its anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, and anti-virus properties in different studies. This research investigates the effects of temperature, time, pH, and substance concentration in the labeling of irradiated rosmarinic Acid by radioisotope gallium-67 as a high-resolution imaging agent for SPECT imaging. In this study, gamma irradiated rosmarinic Acid nanoparticles at 20 kGy and 30 kGy levels in two concentrations of 0.5 and 1% were radiolabeled by gallium-67 radioisotope produced in Karaj cyclotron, and their efficiency and radiochemical purity were compared. Labeling conditions (including pH, temperature, time, and compound concentration) were investigated. Quality control was performed by thin-layer chromatography (RTLC). Resulting from the experiments, 30 kGy level and 1% concentration at 45 °C for 30 minutes at pH = 5.5-6 proved to be the best time for labeling rosemary nanoparticles, and the highest radiochemical purity achieved was 95%; radio conjugate also showed good stability after 12 hours.

This article investigates the problem of simultaneous attitude and vibration control of a flexible spacecraft to perform high precision attitude maneuvers and reduce vibrations caused by the flexible panel excitations in the presence of external disturbances, system uncertainties, and actuator faults. Adaptive integral sliding mode control is used in conjunction with an attitude actuator fault iterative learning observer (based on sliding mode) to develop an active fault tolerant algorithm considering rigid-flexible body dynamic interactions. The discontinuous structure of fault-tolerant control led to discontinuous commands in the control signal, resulting in chattering. This issue was resolved by introducing an adaptive rule for the sliding surface. Furthermore, the utilization of the sign function in the iterative learning observer for estimating actuator faults has not only enhanced its robustness to external disturbances through a straightforward design, but has also led to a decrease in computing workload. The strain rate feedback control algorithm has been employed with the use of piezoelectric sensor/actuator patches to minimize residual vibrations caused by rigid-flexible body dynamic interactions and the effect of attitude actuator faults. Lyapunov's law ensures finite-time overall system stability even with fully coupled rigid-flexible nonlinear dynamics. Numerical simulations demonstrate the performance and advantages of the proposed system compared to other conventional approaches.